鋁單板系金屬幕墻中的第二代產品,鋁(lv)單板(ban)(ban)是(shi)采用優質(zhi)鋁(lv)單板(ban)(ban)材為基材,先進的數控折彎技(ji)術(shu)成(cheng)型,確(que)保板(ban)(ban)材在(zai)加(jia)工后能(neng)平整不變(bian)形,在(zai)安裝過程中抗(kang)外力性能(neng)超(chao)群,表(biao)面涂(tu)層(ceng)采用氟(fu)碳噴涂(tu)涂(tu)料,保證表(biao)面色澤均(jun)勻,抗(kang)紫(zi)外線輻(fu)射,抗(kang)氧化,超(chao)強耐(nai)腐蝕,把(ba)建筑裝飾(shi)成(cheng)設計(ji)師(shi)所想表(biao)達的豪華氣派或(huo)高尚典雅.

    目前為止,鋁單板幕墻裝(zhuang)修(xiu)僅在大(da)(da)中(zhong)城(cheng)市的高(gao)檔辦公樓(lou)、標志性建筑中(zhong)應(ying)用(yong),但由于其(qi)造價較高(gao),至今仍沒有(you)大(da)(da)面積使用(yong),隨著我(wo)國(guo)經濟高(gao)速(su)發展,鋁單板幕墻裝(zhuang)修(xiu)必(bi)將得到廣泛(fan)應(ying)用(yong).

    一(yi)、骨架不(bu)垂直、板(ban)面不(bu)吻合(he)

    (一)施工中(zhong)產生原因

    1、施工前,沒有進行(xing)圖紙會審并且對(dui)施工實際(ji)現場情況進行(xing)調查,未對(dui)工人進行(xing)適當培(pei)訓及做好(hao)技術交底.

    2、骨(gu)架(jia)(jia)(jia)安裝前,未測(ce)量墻面(mian)實(shi)際尺寸并對(dui)墻面(mian)進(jin)行排(pai)版,使骨(gu)架(jia)(jia)(jia)排(pai)列距離不一致,骨(gu)架(jia)(jia)(jia)安裝時(shi)沒有對(dui)骨(gu)架(jia)(jia)(jia)的平整度、垂直(zhi)度進(jin)行測(ce)量.

    3、骨(gu)架(jia)鉆孔(kong)(kong)時(shi)未(wei)進行定位(wei),使骨(gu)架(jia)與鋁單(dan)板間(jian)連(lian)接的孔(kong)(kong)眼或(huo)螺栓,銷釘(ding)位(wei)置相互(hu)不吻合.

    (二(er))質量控制要點(dian)及防(fang)治措施

    1、整個工(gong)程開(kai)工(gong)前(qian),項目經理組織(zhi)所有工(gong)程技(ji)術(shu)人(ren)員、施(shi)工(gong)作業班組負(fu)(fu)責(ze)人(ren)必須(xu)(xu)認(ren)(ren)真研究設(she)計圖(tu)(tu)紙,加強對圖(tu)(tu)紙的(de)理解(jie),圖(tu)(tu)紙中(zhong)出現(xian)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)問題由技(ji)術(shu)負(fu)(fu)責(ze)人(ren)跟設(she)計院(yuan)進行(xing)溝(gou)通,避免在施(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)出現(xian)質量問題.施(shi)工(gong)員應先認(ren)(ren)真做好技(ji)術(shu)、安全交底(di),技(ji)術(shu)交底(di)必須(xu)(xu)將每道工(gong)序(xu)(xu)如何去施(shi)工(gong)詳細描(miao)述,對重要(yao)工(gong)序(xu)(xu)、部位或(huo)環節,對工(gong)人(ren)進行(xing)適當培訓、提高技(ji)術(shu)素質,施(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)實行(xing)層層交底(di)的(de)方(fang)法進行(xing)全過程控(kong)制.

    2、骨(gu)架安(an)裝(zhuang)前,由于(yu)(yu)土(tu)建墻面(mian)誤差大(da)(da)(da),應根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)現(xian)(xian)場實(shi)(shi)際(ji)情況(kuang)測(ce)量墻面(mian)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)尺寸(cun),按(an)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)尺寸(cun)從中(zhong)間(jian)向兩邊對(dui)稱排(pai)版,將排(pai)版圖找甲方、監理方確(que)認后(hou),彈出(chu)墻面(mian)定(ding)位(wei)軸線(xian)及水(shui)平(ping)線(xian),再按(an)設計要求布置(zhi)龍骨(gu)間(jian)距,在標高水(shui)平(ping)線(xian)上彈出(chu)龍骨(gu)分格線(xian).根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)吊線(xian),先確(que)定(ding)最左(zuo)邊、最右(you)邊及中(zhong)間(jian)三(san)塊(kuai)埋件(jian)(jian)位(wei)置(zhi),然(ran)后(hou)拉一水(shui)平(ping)線(xian),在水(shui)平(ping)線(xian)上確(que)定(ding)每一塊(kuai)埋件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi).確(que)定(ding)了埋件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)后(hou),根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)所埋鋼(gang)板(ban)在埋設處用(yong)(yong)醒目顏色畫出(chu)其螺(luo)栓(shuan)孔(kong)(kong)位(wei)置(zhi),然(ran)后(hou)用(yong)(yong)電鉆打(da)孔(kong)(kong).錨孔(kong)(kong)成(cheng)型后(hou),應嚴(yan)格按(an)照(zhao)化學螺(luo)栓(shuan)的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)工(gong)序進行施工(gong),首先應用(yong)(yong)吹筒(tong)吹出(chu)孔(kong)(kong)內(nei)渣質與灰塵(chen)(chen),然(ran)后(hou)用(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)毛刷(shua)清東,再應吹筒(tong)吹出(chu)灰塵(chen)(chen),塞入藥包,用(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)器具打(da)入螺(luo)栓(shuan).待化學螺(luo)栓(shuan)藥劑凝固后(hou),再上鋼(gang)板(ban).安(an)裝(zhuang)完(wan)畢后(hou),其標高偏(pian)(pian)差不應大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)10mm,埋設位(wei)置(zhi)左(zuo)右(you)偏(pian)(pian)差不應大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)20mm.應根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)現(xian)(xian)場放線(xian)數據(ju),嚴(yan)格控制(zhi)立(li)柱料(liao)(liao)(liao)、橫(heng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)截料(liao)(liao)(liao)尺寸(cun),下料(liao)(liao)(liao)前,應對(dui)原料(liao)(liao)(liao)進行調整,對(dui)制(zhi)作好的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)品,立(li)柱偏(pian)(pian)差不應大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)±1mm,橫(heng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)偏(pian)(pian)差不超(chao)過±0.5mm;截料(liao)(liao)(liao)端頭(tou)不應有加(jia)工(gong)變形,避(bi)免毛刺出(chu)現(xian)(xian).

    3、立(li)柱(zhu)(zhu)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)根據放線(xian),確定(ding)其基準位置,先將連(lian)(lian)接件與(yu)立(li)柱(zhu)(zhu)連(lian)(lian)接,然后(hou)連(lian)(lian)接件再與(yu)主體預埋件連(lian)(lian)接,反(fan)復調(diao)整(zheng)點焊固(gu)(gu)定(ding).立(li)柱(zhu)(zhu)的(de)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)位置要準確,立(li)柱(zhu)(zhu)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)標(biao)高(gao)偏(pian)差不(bu)(bu)應大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)3mm,軸(zhou)線(xian)前(qian)后(hou)偏(pian)差不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)2mm,左(zuo)右(you)偏(pian)差不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)3mm.相臨(lin)兩根立(li)柱(zhu)(zhu)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)標(biao)高(gao)偏(pian)差不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)3mm,相臨(lin)兩根立(li)柱(zhu)(zhu)的(de)距離偏(pian)差不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)2mm.同(tong)層(ceng)橫(heng)料安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)應由下而(er)上進(jin)行,當(dang)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)完一層(ceng)高(gao)度時應進(jin)行檢查(cha)調(diao)整(zheng)、校正、固(gu)(gu)定(ding),使其符(fu)合設計及質(zhi)量要求,橫(heng)料的(de)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)其水(shui)平(ping)標(biao)高(gao)偏(pian)差不(bu)(bu)應大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm,同(tong)層(ceng)標(biao)高(gao)偏(pian)差不(bu)(bu)應大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)5mm,橫(heng)梁兩端與(yu)立(li)柱(zhu)(zhu)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)處(chu)留1.5mm伸縮(suo)縫(feng)(feng),固(gu)(gu)定(ding)好后(hou)應用(yong)填縫(feng)(feng)膠密封.柱(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)橫(heng)梁安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)完畢后(hou),其每一分格框(kuang)對(dui)角線(xian)偏(pian)差應符(fu)合規范要求,當(dang)對(dui)角線(xian)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)或等于(yu)(yu)(yu)2mm時,對(dui)角線(xian)差應小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)等于(yu)(yu)(yu)3mm;當(dang)對(dui)角線(xian)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)2mm時,對(dui)角線(xian)差小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)等于(yu)(yu)(yu)3.5mm.

    4、鋁(lv)單(dan)板(ban)(ban)安裝時,必(bi)(bi)須(xu)在墻(qiang)面(mian)內(nei)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)、線(xian)管(guan)(guan)、保溫(wen)隔音(yin)及(ji)其它設備進(jin)行隱蔽驗(yan)收(shou),一(yi)切工序全部(bu)(bu)驗(yan)收(shou)合格后進(jin)行.應先復核一(yi)遍彈(dan)線(xian)分(fen)格是否準(zhun)確,有(you)無累積誤差,檢查鋁(lv)單(dan)板(ban)(ban)塊規格尺寸是否與(yu)設計(ji)要求(qiu)尺寸相符,鋁(lv)單(dan)板(ban)(ban)色(se)澤是否均勻一(yi)致,表(biao)面(mian)平整(zheng)、潔凈、無裂(lie)痕(hen)和缺(que)損,如有(you)問(wen)題應及(ji)時調(diao)整(zheng)或更換,沒有(you)問(wen)題必(bi)(bi)須(xu)按照(zhao)板(ban)(ban)塊分(fen)配圖上(shang)板(ban)(ban)號位(wei)(wei)置及(ji)原(yuan)彈(dan)線(xian)位(wei)(wei)置就位(wei)(wei),用拉鉚釘將(jiang)鋁(lv)單(dan)板(ban)(ban)固定在豎(shu)向龍骨上(shang),先從墻(qiang)面(mian)底部(bu)(bu)往頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)安裝,鋁(lv)單(dan)板(ban)(ban)與(yu)鋁(lv)單(dan)板(ban)(ban)之(zhi)間(jian)的縫隙一(yi)般(ban)為15mm,然后安裝門洞、銜接(jie)處,進(jin)行收(shou)口(kou)處理(li).要求(qiu)板(ban)(ban)面(mian)平整(zheng),留縫整(zheng)齊,尺寸一(yi)致.

    二、接縫(feng)處密封膠(jiao)不(bu)(bu)密實,寬窄不(bu)(bu)一

    (一)施(shi)工中產(chan)生原因

    1、在打(da)膠時,未選用硅酮(tong)密(mi)封(feng)膠而選用的是普通密(mi)封(feng)膠.

    2、嵌縫(feng)時未充分清潔板(ban)材(cai)間(jian)縫(feng)隙(尤其是粘結面(mian)),并加(jia)以干燥.聚(ju)乙烯泡(pao)沫(mo)填充深度不一(yi)致,當(dang)用(yong)嵌縫(feng)槍(qiang)灌注硅酮(tong)密封膠時不能(neng)形成一(yi)定壓力,以致和板(ban)縫(feng)粘結不牢、密封不嚴.

    3、嵌縫時操作不熟練,未能使嵌縫槍口離(li)接縫填(tian)充(chong)而(聚乙烯泡沫填(tian)充(chong)面)距離(li)一致、用力均勻(yun)、壓緊慢拖、連(lian)續動作,致使嵌縫密封(feng)膠(jiao)時多時少、接頭多、帶進空(kong)氣,造成(cheng)接縫密封(feng)膠(jiao)表(biao)面不平直,有氣泡滲水現象.

    (二)質量控制要點及防治措施

    1、選用質量信得(de)過的(de)(de)硅(gui)酮密(mi)封(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao),硅(gui)酮密(mi)封(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)始終(zhong)是軟的(de)(de),質地如同橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao),普(pu)通密(mi)、封(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)風干后(hou)會變硬,時間長的(de)(de)就會斷(duan)裂(lie).

    2、聚乙烯泡沫填充時(shi)必(bi)須塞緊(jin),宜(yi)根(gen)據接縫寬度將(jiang)其先搓成比縫寬略粗(cu)的長條再仔細塞入(ru),并注意填充面(mian)(mian)離板面(mian)(mian)距(ju)離深(shen)度保持(chi)一(yi)致,不得進迸出出.只有保持(chi)密(mi)封膠嵌(qian)縫深(shen)度一(yi)致,背(bei)后有堵塞物(wu)堵緊(jin)的狀態下,才能使接縫密(mi)實(shi)、縫面(mian)(mian)平(ping)直.

    3、打(da)膠時應注(zhu)意溫度在(zai)15℃以上(shang)、30℃以下,相對濕(shi)度50%以上(shang).操作嵌縫(feng)(feng)槍時應挑撥用(yong)(yong)力(li)大小、運行速度快慢,槍口離聚乙烯泡(pao)沫填充面(mian)距離遠近等(deng)恰當的參(can)數,宜(yi)先(xian)在(zai)不(bu)(bu)顯眼的接縫(feng)(feng)處進行試(shi)驗,取得成熟經(jing)驗后按直線走(zou),從上(shang)到下,從左到右,一次打(da)完(wan).對接搓等(deng)個(ge)別縫(feng)(feng)面(mian)不(bu)(bu)平直處宜(yi)馬(ma)上(shang)用(yong)(yong)勾(gou)縫(feng)(feng)抹(mo)(mo)子勾(gou)平整.注(zhu)意操作手(shou)法,不(bu)(bu)要讓空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)進入,應隨嵌縫(feng)(feng)運行時排出(chu)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi),防止氣(qi)泡(pao)產生,一旦發生氣(qi)泡(pao),應用(yong)(yong)鐵絲捅破,并(bing)馬(ma)上(shang)用(yong)(yong)勾(gou)縫(feng)(feng)抹(mo)(mo)子順一個(ge)方向(xiang)將空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)壓出(chu)至密(mi)封平順止.

    三、收(shou)口連接(jie)不(bu)牢固、安(an)裝不(bu)細致

    (一)施工中產生原因

    1、安裝前未研究(jiu)設計(ji)圖紙、弄懂節點構造,圖紙設計(ji)中有不盡合理之處,未與(yu)設計(ji)單位商討,自行處理,使連接牢固和調整其平整及順直(zhi).

    2、安(an)裝時未(wei)認(ren)真下料和鉆(zhan)孔,節點構造及連(lian)接件不(bu)符合圖(tu)紙上要求,收(shou)口事前未(wei)放樣、安(an)裝不(bu)細致(zhi),使(shi)各部(bu)件安(an)裝時產生誤差.

    (二)質量控制要點及防治措施(shi)

    1、安裝前仔細研(yan)究設(she)計(ji)(ji)圖紙,弄懂節點具(ju)體(ti)構(gou)造(zao),骨架局部節點構(gou)造(zao)設(she)計(ji)(ji)確有不盡合理之處,且(qie)有改(gai)進方法,將改(gai)進方法以(yi)書面形(xing)式遞交監理單(dan)位(wei),經施工單(dan)位(wei)、監理單(dan)位(wei)與設(she)計(ji)(ji)單(dan)位(wei)進行商(shang)討(tao),經設(she)計(ji)(ji)單(dan)位(wei)同意后才可更(geng)改(gai).

    2、安裝時,各連接(jie)(jie)桿件(jian)必須認真下料和鉆孔.骨架在(zai)預留洞口(kou)、通風口(kou)等(deng)處,應按圖紙上相應節點(dian)構造(zao)設(she)置龍骨及連接(jie)(jie)件(jian),使構造(zao)符合(he)圖紙上要求(qiu),保證骨架的剛度.對復雜部(bu)位的收(shou)口(kou)事(shi)前(qian),應進(jin)行(xing)放樣試(shi)拼(pin),使各部(bu)件(jian)能相互配(pei)合(he)無誤.

    3、在構(gou)造(zao)節點(dian)上(shang)編制施(shi)工技術專項(xiang)方案,確保正(zheng)確安裝方法,使連接相(xiang)互牢(lao)固(gu)、平順(shun)、密封(feng),使各項(xiang)安裝過程中誤差降到最低.

    四、板面(mian)污染,成品保護不(bu)到位

    (一)施工中產生原因

    1、鋁單板(ban)(ban)安(an)裝完后,未設(she)專人負(fu)責成品保(bao)護,導致在(zai)下道工序(xu)中有重物碰(peng)撞鋁單板(ban)(ban),使(shi)鋁單板(ban)(ban)表(biao)面不(bu)平整(zheng)或缺損.

    2、鋁(lv)單(dan)板(ban)面保護(hu)面紙揭除(chu)時(shi)間過(guo)早(zao),又未進行妥(tuo)善保護(hu)、其它未完(wan)工(gong)序施(shi)工(gong)時(shi)對(dui)其污(wu)染.

    (二)質量控制要點及防(fang)治(zhi)措(cuo)施

    1、鋁單板安裝(zhuang)完后,設(she)專(zhuan)人(ren)(ren)負(fu)(fu)責(ze)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品保護(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)作并設(she)置專(zhuan)用設(she)置進行(xing)保護(hu)(hu)(hu),發現有保護(hu)(hu)(hu)設(she)施損(sun)(sun)(sun)壞要及時恢復(fu).工(gong)序交接(jie)應全面以書面形式(shi)出(chu)現,并且雙方簽(qian)字認(ren)可(ke),下道(dao)工(gong)序作業(ye)人(ren)(ren)員進行(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品保護(hu)(hu)(hu)交底,如成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品污染、損(sun)(sun)(sun)壞或損(sun)(sun)(sun)失負(fu)(fu)直(zhi)接(jie)責(ze)任,成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品保護(hu)(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)對成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品保護(hu)(hu)(hu)負(fu)(fu)監督、檢查(cha)責(ze)任.

    2、鋁單板面(mian)保護面(mian)紙宜放在(zai)工程快竣工驗(yan)收(shou)或(huo)附近相關工序(xu)已(yi)完(wan)后(hou)才能(neng)揭除(chu)(chu).面(mian)紙揭除(chu)(chu)后(hou),應避免其他(ta)材料在(zai)運輸過程中碰撞鋁單板.

    3、鋁單板及其它材料(liao)(liao)在運輸(shu)、進場、存放、使用(yong)過程中,應嚴格(ge)管理,做到不(bu)變形、不(bu)受(shou)潮、不(bu)生銹.其它材料(liao)(liao)從門窗(chuang)洞口傳送(song)對象時也應注(zhu)意不(bu)得碰(peng)撞鋁單板墻面.

    4、一旦鋁單板面受污(wu)染,應及時用干(gan)凈棉砂(sha)(不得夾有砂(sha)粒)將其擦(ca)洗干(gan)凈.

    五(wu)、結論

    鋁單板(ban)因造(zao)價較高(gao),現階段未廣泛(fan)(fan)使用(yong),但隨著我國經(jing)濟高(gao)速發展,鋁單板(ban)幕墻裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修必將得到廣泛(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)用(yong).鋁單板(ban)一般采用(yong)骨架安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang),安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)前仔細研究設計圖紙(zhi),弄懂具(ju)體構造(zao),安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)時,各連接桿件必須認真下料和鉆孔,使各部件能(neng)相(xiang)互配(pei)合無誤(wu).同時應(ying)(ying)制定妥善的(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)法,特別應(ying)(ying)考慮好有便于(yu)調整其(qi)各項安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)誤(wu)差(cha)之措施(shi).在施(shi)工(gong)過程(cheng)中應(ying)(ying)注意(yi):1.骨架不垂直(zhi)、板(ban)面不吻合;2.接縫處密封膠(jiao)不密實,寬窄不一;3.收口(kou)連接不牢固、安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)不細致;4.還要注意(yi)成品保護(hu),交工(gong)后才能(neng)撕去塑料保護(hu)膜(mo)以防止表面污(wu)染(ran),撞擊出凹痕(hen).