C 變形(xing)織(zhi)構

    鋁單板及鋁(lv)合金在冷(leng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)過程中，因受外力的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，內部各晶粒間的(de)(de)(de)日互作(zuo)用(yong)及變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)發(fa)展方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，晶粒要(yao)相(xiang)對(dui)于(yu)外力軸產生(sheng)轉動，而使其動作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)滑(hua)移系(xi)有(you)朝著作(zuo)用(yong)力軸的(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)（或最大主(zhu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)）做定(ding)問旋轉的(de)(de)(de)趨(qu)(qu)勢。在較大冷(leng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)程度(du)下(xia)，晶粒位(wei)(wei)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)由(you)無序(xu)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)成有(you)序(xu)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)，稱為(wei)擇優取向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。  由(you)此所形(xing)(xing)(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)纖維狀(zhuang)組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，因具有(you)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)系(xi)，稱為(wei)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)。變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)可(ke)分為(wei)絲織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)（如在拉絲、擠壓、旋轉條件下(xia)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)）和板織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)（如軋(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)）。具有(you)冷(leng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)進(jin)行(xing)退火(huo)時，由(you)于(yu)晶粒位(wei)(wei)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)趨(qu)(qu)于(yu)一致，總有(you)某些位(wei)(wei)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)晶塊易于(yu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)核長大，往(wang)往(wang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成具有(you)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)退火(huo)組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，這種組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稱為(wei)再結(jie)晶織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)。拉伸(shen)、拉絲和圓棒擠壓時可(ke)得到絲織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)，而鋁(lv)單(dan)板寬板軋(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)、鋁(lv)單(dan)板帶(dai)材(cai)軋(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)和扁帶(dai)拉伸(shen)時可(ke)得到板織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)等。織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)使鋁(lv)單(dan)板材(cai)料(liao)具有(you)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)各向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)異性，在很多情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)會出(chu)現(xian)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)硬化(hua)。在實際生(sheng)產中，要(yao)控制(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)條件，充分利(li)用(yong)其有(you)利(li)的(de)(de)(de)一面(mian)， 而避(bi)免其不利(li)的(de)(de)(de)一面(mian)。

    D  晶(jing)內及晶(jing)間的破(po)壞

    在(zai)(zai)冷變(bian)形時不發(fa)生軟化過(guo)(guo)程的愈合作(zuo)用，因滑移(yi)(yi)（ 位錯的運動(dong)(dong)及其受阻、雙(shuang)滑移(yi)(yi)、交叉滑移(yi)(yi)等(deng)）、雙(shuang)晶(jing)等(deng)過(guo)(guo)程的復雜作(zuo)用以及晶(jing)粒所產生的相對移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)與轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)，造成(cheng)了在(zai)(zai)晶(jing)粒內部及晶(jing)粒間界處(chu)出現些顯微裂紋、空洞(dong)等(deng)缺陷，使鋁單(dan)板密度減小，是造成(cheng)顯微裂紋和宏(hong)觀破斷的根源。